Grandparent's Guide - Parenting Issues

Helping to Raise Your Children's Children

This web page is an excerpt from the Grandparent's Guide brochure written as a joint project of the Beatitudes Center for Developing Older Adult Resources (Center D.O.A.R.) and BlueCross BlueShield of Arizona.

General Parenting Concerns
Effective Communication
Discipline With Flexibility
Building Self Esteem
Child Abuse
Behavior Issues
School
Day Care

Other articles from this series found under the Grandparents subtopic are:
   Grandparent's Guide - Legal and Financial Issues
   Grandparent's Guide - Raising Healthy Children
   Grandparent's Guide - Caring for the Caregiver

Being a parent is not an easy task. Grandparents raising grandchildren face challenges as they once again take on a parenting role. Because grandchildren may have special needs, grandparents must learn new parenting skills and work with teachers, counselors, and others to provide their grandchildren with the tools for success in later life.

General Parenting Concerns

Grandparents assuming the responsibility for grandchildren can easily become overwhelmed by issues related to parenting and discipline. Society has changed since they were parents, and, though many behavior issues are common regardless of the generation, these societal changes often pose difficult problems. Because many children have come from a traumatic environment, their behavior patterns may differ from other children in their age group, causing further parenting concerns.

More Parenting Tips:

  • Praise your grandchild frequently.
  • Accept and respect the child's individuality. Allow him/her to develop at their own pace.
  • Encourage your grandchild!
  • Be consistent in setting and enforcing rules.
  • Provide opportunities for your grandchild to experience new activities, places and people. Remember, a child learns by observing and doing.

All of this will contribute to the development of your grandchild's positive self esteem, which, in turn, promotes a healthy, happy child!

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Effective Communication

Good communication is important in helping all of us to get through life. But good communication is essential when it comes to raising children. A good communicator can minimize misunderstandings. Grandchildren need to hear clear messages from you, that you care, and that you will listen to them. Whether it's about watching TV, setting curfews, or learning about their bodies, encourage your grandchildren to feel they can talk to you about anything without hesitation. When you set up good communication with your grandchildren, they know they can come to you for direction, feedback, or guidance.

Two important concepts to enhance communication are:
1. Children need to know that the adults close to them respect them, their feelings and their ideas. This respect helps nurture a child's self esteem so that he/she is better able to face life's challenges.
2. Children need to be heard. Listening is part of the confidence-building process. If you listen to their words, and for the unspoken cues as 'well, you will understand more about your grandchild's perspectives. But remember, listening requires a focused ear that isn't distracted when the child is speaking. Be a good listener.

Other effective communication tips include:

  • Focus on your grandchild's positive actions and praise them.
  • Show appreciation for good behaviors, even daily chores.
  • Express anger by saying how something made you feel, not by condemning the child.
  • Define your expectations clearly.
  • Tell your grandchild how glad you are that he/she is part of your family.
  • Have dinner with your grandchildren as often as possible.
  • Spend time alone with each grandchild even if only 5 or 10 minutes a day.
  • Respect your grandchild's opinions and choices.
  • Share your feelings (even the not-so-good ones) with your grandchild.
  • Acknowledge and applaud your grandchild's abilities and unique personality.

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Discipline With Flexibility

A key to making sure discipline doesn't become a problem is to set ground rules everyone can understand. Families should agree on what is expected of children and how they'll be punished if a rule is broken. Discipline needs to be fair, consistent, unemotional and without physical violence. The last condition is especially important. Childhood experts agree that "sparing the rod" is preferable to the potential problems of physical discipline.

Children who are physically punished learn that the stronger person wins ("might makes right"). Any time you physically discipline a child, you approach that fine line between physical discipline and child abuse. And too many children have suffered from adults who crossed that line. Rather than discipline alone, consider positive reinforcement as an effective motivation. Hugs, cheers, and good listening are great motivators, but short and long term rewards may also be used effectively.

Be consistent, fair and firm in deciding what rules, restrictions or discipline to use. Work with your grandchildren as a team to draw up a contract of rules and possible disciplinary measures. For example, when a child finishes the tasks assigned to them, they can go out with their friends. Then with your grandchildren agree on the consequences if that rule is broken.

If you feel you might have to enforce rules with punishment, ask yourself:

  • Does the punishment fit the crime? Grounding a child for a month for not walking the dog probably will distort your grandchild's view of the meaning of discipline.
  • Do I remain composed even when emotions run high? Your good example will serve as the child's lifelong model.
  • Do I listen and remain ready to compromise if my grandchild has broken a rule for a good reason?
  • Do I explain to my grandchild why I punished him/her?

Instead of punishment, try to:

  • Express your feeling strongly without attacking the child's character.
  • State your expectations.
  • Give the child a choice. For example, "You may now use the crayons on the paper or "we can take them away."
  • Problem solve. "What can we do so we're both happy?" Try not to completely control your grandchild. Remember, power and inappropriate punishment may lead to feelings of hatred, defiance, guilt and self pity. Let the child know about consequences, such as loss of a privilege, if they misbehave.
  • Children should be given alternatives to express their anger, such as punching a pillow. Time outs should be used only as a last resort, and should not be regarded as a punishment. Afterwards it is good to discuss the behavior with the child, reminding them of the rules you have agreed upon. Offer guidance, reassurance, and, most importantly, remind them that you will always love them, but dislike their behavior at times.

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Building Self Esteem

No single action can shield your grandchildren from the challenges they face pressures to try drugs and alcohol, playground threats, gender stereotyping, bigotry to name a few. But developing a level of self esteem can become the armor to help deflect these problems.

Increasing your grandchildren's self esteem cannot happen "without effective communication. It accomplishes three things:

1. It tells your grandchildren they are important.
2. It gives them confidence to think through the consequences of an action rather than merely going along with the crowd.
3. It helps them develop values and behaviors that can avoid problems.

One way to help your grandchild clarify values that can lead to increased self esteem is to use the events of daily life. For example, the evening TV news carries a story about vandalism at a local school. Talk to your grandchild to find out his/her reactions. Would he/she be angry if their school was damaged? What would your grandchild do if classmates asked him/her to participate in vandalism? Talk on your grandchild's level. Make it a conversation and don't lecture. Listen to the child's answers without judging. When you read a story to your grandchild or watch a movie together, ask how he/she would deal with a problem that a character faced. Whatever the situation, whether it involves drugs, alcohol, smoking, or violent behaviors, use simple, straightforward terms.

Other tips for building self esteem include:

  • Give feedback that makes a clear distinction between the behavior and the person: "I may not like what you did, but I still love you."
  • Encourage independence: "I know you can solve that problem."
  • Give responsibility and expect cooperation: "I'll take care of the laundry if you put your clothes in the hamper."
  • Accept mistakes and encourage your grandchild: "You got most of the answers right." You may want to show you accept mistakes by not commenting on them at all.
  • Encourage your child to see the humorous side of events: "I like your sense of humor!" Laugh at yourself. Never laugh at them or put them down. Laugh with them.
  • Encourage self appreciation: "You sound pleased with your work. You must be proud".
  • Accept and value your grandchild's uniqueness: "You're very imaginative."
  • Be positive: "We can figure out a solution. What are your ideas?"

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Child Abuse

Child abuse is a reality of life. This includes not only physical and sexual abuse, but also neglect and emotional abuse.

The following suggestions can help you be more sensitive to possible abuse of your grandchild:

  1. Recognize that a grandchild's "funny feelings" about someone or situation are usually correct. Don't discount their feelings.
  2. Teach your grandchild that is sometimes OK to say "no" to an adult. That includes having the right to say "no" to degrading and demeaning talk.
  3. Realize that in most cases of abuse, the child knows and trusts the abuser.
  4. Teach your grandchild the correct words for body parts.
  5. Teach your grandchild about abuse with the same openness you discuss fire safety.
  6. Teach your grandchild about the right to privacy. This includes the right to private feelings and the right to - or not to - express affection.

Know that child abuse can have long term, damaging effects on a child's later relationships, self esteem, and physical well being.

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Behavior Issues

Not only are you raising a child you never planned for, but you may be raising a child with multiple problems. These children are basically good, but many have not had a good start in life. Often they have emotional and behavioral problems different from children who have not shared their life experiences. They may be anxious and insecure. They may have a difficult time trusting anyone or anything. They may also have feelings of instability. Reassurance, nurturing and acceptance are what your grandchildren need, as well as consistency and discipline. Children need to be reassured that you will not leave them and that they are safe.

These children often have a low sense of self esteem. Building self esteem and consistent discipline will help solve many behavior problems. Build up the child's self image by using positive reinforcement and lots of praise. Remind the child that you love and accept him/her. Try and maintain a consistent, predictable routine so that your grandchild can trust you and his/her new environment. If difficult behavior problems persist, it may be necessary to seek professional help.

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School

Schools may provide valuable help in raising grandchildren. A grandchild's teacher needs to know that he/she is being raised by grandparents. Often, behavioral, social or emotional problems manifest themselves in the classroom. Working with a teacher on these issues can be a win-win situation for all. Many schools have nurses, counselors, or social workers on staff. They may be able to assist with accessing community resources, counseling services, support groups, medical needs, and other help available through the local school district or the wider community.

Because of the sensitive family issues often involved with raising grandchildren, grandparents often fail to ask for help. Remember that accessing services to which a child is entitled can be a way of providing 'care for the caregiver' and valuable assistance for grandchildren. Becoming involved in school activities, if at all possible, is an excellent way of maintaining close contact with what is happening at school. It may also provide an opportunity to advocate for the needs of grandparents raising grandchildren. Too, working with the school may be a way to meet other grandparents who are also raising grandchildren.

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Day Care

When you can't always be with your grandchild there are several child care options to choose from. Many churches, schools and employers operate day care centers for preschoolers. Sitters may come to your home or you may take your grandchild to their home. Many people find it helpful to take turns with neighbors, friends or relatives in caring for children. Some schools offer after school programs for primary grade children for a small fee. Shop, compare, and get recommendations from friends and family.

If you have decided to hire an outside day care center, compile a list of locations convenient to your workplace or home. Call each one and ask about fees, hours and ages of children at the center. They may have a brochure that answers your questions. Visit each of them. A center should encourage you to come with your grandchild for a scheduled visit.

The following tips will help you evaluate a day care facility:

  1. Is it licensed or registered?
  2. What is the supervisor-to-child ratio?
  3. What is the sick child policy?
  4. When is the center closed?
  5. What is the teaching and discipline philosophy?
  6. What education level is required of the teachers?
  7. Is your grandchild expected to bring a blanket, pillow, or stuffed animal for nap time? Are cots supplied? Who supervises nap time?
  8. Are children accompanied into the bathroom? Is there a hand washing policy?
  9. What are mealtime and snack policies?
  10. Who drives and what vehicles are used for school outings?

Consider your reaction to each day care center. What was the atmosphere like? Which did your grandchild like the most? Consider getting involved in the center's activities by going along on a field trip or volunteering occasionally.

If you choose to bring your grandchild to another person's home or if you hire a sitter to come to your home, do some additional probing:

  • What references are available? Call them.
  • What first aid training does the sitter have? CPR?
  • What is the sitter's educational background?
  • What backup measures exist if the sitter is unable to care for your grandchild?
  • Will there be other children in the home? How many? How old?
  • What supplies do you need to bring? What does the sitter supply?
  • Is there a pool? Is it fenced with a self-latching locked gate?
  • Do they have animals? What kind? Are they friendly?
  • What other adults will be in the home? Be sure to meet them.
  • Ask to see a photo identification, and also ask about the person's drinking, smoking, and medical history. You can't be too careful!

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Revised July 2003